Sponsor: Arcus Biosciences, Inc. (industry)
Phase: 3
Start date: Sept. 8, 2025
Planned enrollment: 720
Casdatifan (AB521) is an investigational oral drug being studied for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The most detailed published patient results come from ARC-20, an ongoing, open-label phase 1 study of people with metastatic ccRCC previously treated with immunotherapy and a VEGF-targeting drug. The results below are from casdatifan given alone; the study did not include a randomized comparison group. (nature.com)
Casdatifan selectively inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), a protein that activates genes involved in tumour growth. In many ccRCC tumours, loss of VHL function allows HIF-2α to accumulate. Preclinical research describes casdatifan as an allosteric inhibitor of HIF-2α-dependent gene transcription. (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
At the ARC-20 data cutoff of August 15, 2025, the confirmed objective response rate was 35% among 31 response-evaluable patients receiving 100 mg once daily; all responses in that group were partial. Across 121 response-evaluable patients at all studied expansion doses, it was 31%, including one complete response. Median progression-free survival was not yet estimable in the 100 mg group and was 12.2 months across all doses. These single-arm results cannot establish how casdatifan compares with other treatments. (nature.com)
In the 127-patient dose-expansion population, treatment-related anemia occurred in 89% of patients, including grade 3 or higher anemia in 41%; treatment-related low blood oxygen occurred in 16%. Treatment-related adverse events led to dose reductions in 24% and treatment discontinuation in 3%. Three deaths from adverse events occurred during the study; investigators considered none related to casdatifan. (nature.com)
Last updated: Sep 2026
Goal: Determine whether adding casdatifan to cabozantinib improves progression-free survival after progression on or after anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Patients: Adults with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a clear cell component, measurable disease, and Karnofsky performance status of at least 80%. Prior HIF-2α inhibitor or cabozantinib treatment is excluded.
Design: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-control trial comparing two oral treatment regimens.
Treatments: Patients receive casdatifan plus cabozantinib or placebo plus cabozantinib. Casdatifan is an investigational HIF-2α inhibitor that blocks HIF-2α-dependent gene transcription, a pathway commonly activated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In a prior single-arm study of casdatifan alone, confirmed response rates were 35% at 100 mg daily and 31% across studied expansion doses; these results do not establish the benefit of the combination. Cabozantinib is an established oral targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma and is given in both arms.
Outcomes: The primary endpoint is progression-free survival by blinded independent central review using RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, objective response rate, duration of response, disease control rate, adverse events, and time to kidney cancer symptom deterioration.
Burden on patient: Likely moderate: both regimens are oral, but patients will need clinic visits, imaging to assess response, safety monitoring, and symptom assessments. No research biopsies or intensive pharmacokinetic sampling are specified; visit and scan frequency are not provided.
Last updated: Sep 2026
Inclusion Criteria:
* Unresectable and measurable locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a primary clear cell component.
* A Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score ≥ 80%
* At least 1 target lesion measurable by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging per RECIST 1.1, not within a field of prior radiation therapy.
* Adequate organ and marrow function, ≤ 72 hours prior to randomization.
* Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum pregnancy test.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Received prior treatment with a HIF-2α inhibitor or cabozantinib.
* Other prior malignancy active within the previous year except for locally curable cancers that have been apparently cured.
* Clinically significant toxicities related to any prior anticancer treatment, or toxicities Grade ≥ 3 per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0 (NCI CTCAE v5.0) regardless of relatedness to prior anticancer therapies.
* Uncontrolled or poorly controlled hypertension, as defined by a sustained blood pressure \> 140/90 mm Hg on more than three antihypertensives
* History of leptomeningeal disease or spinal cord compression.
NOTE: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.
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Goodyear, Arizona, 85338, United States
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Phoenix, Arizona, 85054, United States
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Duarte, California, 91010, United States
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Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
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San Diego, California, 92103, United States
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La Jolla, California, 92103, United States
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New Haven, Connecticut, 06519, United States
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Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, United States
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Newnan, Georgia, 30265, United States
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Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
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Atlanta, Georgia, 30318, United States
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Zion, Illinois, 60099, United States
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Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, United States
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Louisville, Kentucky, 40207, United States
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Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States
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Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States
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Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, United States
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St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
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Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, United States
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Rochester, New York, 14642, United States
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Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, United States
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Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
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Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
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Portland, Oregon, 97212, United States
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Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, United States
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Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States
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Lubbock, Texas, 79430, United States
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Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
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