Sponsor: Processa Pharmaceuticals (industry)
Phase: 2
Start date: Oct. 2, 2024
Planned enrollment: 90
PCS6422 (eniluracil) is an investigational drug being studied with low-dose capecitabine, a chemotherapy prodrug, for cancer. Results have been reported from a small phase 1b study in advanced gastrointestinal cancers; a phase 2 breast-cancer study has been described, but its published abstract reports a trial design rather than outcomes. (ascopubs.org)
Eniluracil irreversibly inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an enzyme that breaks down 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the active drug produced from capecitabine. Giving eniluracil before capecitabine is intended to reduce 5-FU breakdown and increase exposure to 5-FU. (ascopubs.org)
In the single-arm phase 1b study, 2 of 13 response-evaluable patients (15.4%) had a partial response and 6 (46.2%) had stable disease. Median progression-free survival among evaluable patients was 93 days. All 18 enrolled patients had cancers refractory to, or were intolerant of, available therapies. These early results cannot establish whether the combination works better than capecitabine alone. (ascopubs.org)
At the two highest capecitabine dose levels, 4 of 11 patients (36.4%) had grade 3–4 adverse events associated with active 5-FU metabolites, including neutropenia. One of 18 patients (5.6%) had grade 1 hand–foot syndrome. The small study does not establish a comparative safety advantage. (ascopubs.org)
Last updated: Sep 2026
Goal: Assess whether PCS6422 plus low-dose capecitabine improves tumor response while maintaining acceptable safety compared with standard-dose capecitabine in advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
Patients: Adults with unresectable advanced or metastatic triple-negative or HR-positive, ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer; measurable disease; ECOG performance status 0–1; and adequate organ function. Other treatment options, including anthracyclines or taxanes, must not be indicated. Patients with near-complete DPD deficiency or significant cardiac disease are excluded.
Design: Adaptive, open-label, randomized, multicenter study comparing up to two combination regimens with capecitabine alone.
Treatments: The experimental arms give a single 40 mg dose of PCS6422 with capecitabine 150 mg twice daily for 7 days, or 225 mg or 75 mg twice daily for 7 days. PCS6422 (eniluracil) irreversibly inhibits dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), reducing breakdown of 5-fluorouracil generated from capecitabine. In a small phase 1b study in advanced gastrointestinal cancers, 2 of 13 response-evaluable patients had a partial response; these results do not establish benefit in breast cancer or superiority to capecitabine alone. The comparator is standard-dose capecitabine, an oral chemotherapy prodrug, at 1,000 mg/m² twice daily.
Outcomes: Primary measures are confirmed objective response rate by RECIST 1.1 and the frequency, duration, and severity of adverse events. Secondary measures include disease control rate, duration of response, time to response, and progression-free survival.
Burden on patient: Likely moderate: treatment is oral, but patients must attend screening and treatment visits, undergo laboratory monitoring and imaging for response assessment, and may be followed for up to 24 weeks after treatment. The provided protocol does not specify intensive pharmacokinetic sampling or mandatory research biopsies, so a higher procedural burden cannot be assumed.
Last updated: Sep 2026
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Aged ≥18 years at Screening
2. Diagnosis of histologically confirmed breast cancer that is unresectable. The following subsets of breast cancer are included:
1. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer, advanced or metastatic
2. Patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive, ER positive, HER2 negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer
3. Has measurable disease in accordance with RECIST 1.1 obtained by imaging within 28 days prior to C1D1
4. Other therapies are not indicated (eg, resistant or intolerant to taxanes and/or an anthracycline-containing regimen) for treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer
5. Has a life expectance of at least 24 weeks
6. Has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0 or 1 at screening
7. Has adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function as assessed by the following laboratory requirements conducted within 7 days before C1D1 (Note: labs will also be repeated pre-dose on C1D1 to confirm eligibility): a. Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL (≥90 g/L) b. Adequate renal function by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) defined as a creatinine clearance \>50 mL/min (\>0.84 mL/s) (Cockcroft-Gault equation) and normalized to body surface area c. Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of ≥1.5×109/L d. Platelet count of ≥100×109/L without growth factor/transfusion e. Total bilirubin \<1.5× upper limit of normal (ULN); or ≤3×ULN if the patient has Gilbert's disease f. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \<2.5×ULN, with liver metastasis \<5×ULN g. International normalized ratio (INR) \<1.5 and prothrombin time (PT) ≤1.5×ULN, unless both of the following conditions are met: i. Patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy, and ii. PT or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulant h. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤1.5×ULN, unless both of the following conditions are met: i. Patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy, and ii. PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Received any line of treatment for advanced or metastatic breast cancer within 21 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to randomization
2. Currently receiving any hormone replacement therapy, unless discontinued within 21 days prior to randomization
3. Received IV 5-FU or oral 5-FU analog in the 4 weeks prior to C1D1
4. Received DPD inhibitor within 4 weeks prior to C1D1
5. Has homozygous or compound heterozygous DPYD variants that result in complete or near-complete absence of DPD activity
6. Cardiac:
1. Has history or presence of clinically significant abnormal 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) results, in the Medical Monitor or Investigator's opinion
2. Has prolonged QTc (with Fridericia's correction) of \>480 msec performed at Screening
3. Has a history of prolonged QTc interval, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation or significant ventricular arrhythmia, or Torsades de Pointes, or a history of ventricular ablation for arrhythmia
4. Has congenital long QT syndrome or a family history of long QT syndrome
5. Has other clinically significant cardiac disease including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cardiac or other vascular stenting, angioplasty, or surgery ≤12 months prior to randomization, congestive heart failure
* Class II per the New York Heart Association, or history of myocarditis
7. Is pregnant or breastfeeding
Tucson, Arizona, 85711, United States
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Oxnard, California, 93030, United States
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Los Angeles, California, 90067, United States
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Miami, Florida, 33165, United States
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Dyer, Indiana, 46311, United States
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Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, United States
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Westbury, New York, 11590, United States
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Canton, Ohio, 44718, United States
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Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, United States
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Austin, Texas, 78731, United States
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San Antonio, Texas, 78240, United States
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