Sponsor: Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited (industry)
Phase: 3
Start date: July 26, 2024
Planned enrollment: 430
177Lu-TLX591 (INN: lutetium Lu‑177 rosopatamab tetraxetan; also called 177Lu‑DOTA‑TLX591) is an investigational PSMA‑targeted radio‑antibody drug conjugate (radioimmunotherapy) being developed for metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It uses a humanized anti‑PSMA IgG1 monoclonal antibody (rosopatamab; huJ591) chelated via DOTA to the beta‑emitter lutetium‑177 and is typically given as two intravenous doses 14 days apart, integrated with standard of care. Phase 1 (ProstACT‑SELECT; NCT04786847) has reported safety, biodistribution, PSA declines, and a median rPFS signal; a global randomized phase 3 trial (ProstACT‑GLOBAL; NCT04876651) is ongoing. (ascopubs.org)
Target: Prostate‑specific membrane antigen (PSMA), highly expressed on prostate cancer cells. The antibody binds the external PSMA domain, is internalized, and delivers Lu‑177 beta radiation to tumor cells with cross‑fire to nearby malignant cells. Compared with small‑molecule PSMA ligands, the antibody approach shows slower clearance, prolonged tumor retention, and relatively low salivary/renal uptake in early human dosimetry. (ascopubs.org)
Construct: Humanized anti‑PSMA mAb (rosopatamab/huJ591) + DOTA chelator + 177Lu payload. (ascopubs.org)
Preclinical work has also shown that adding the DNA‑PK inhibitor peposertib can potentiate antitumor activity of 177Lu‑DOTA‑rosopatamab in prostate cancer xenografts. (jnm.snmjournals.org)
Human, TLX591 (rosopatamab tetraxetan) - Phase 1 ProstACT‑SELECT (NCT04786847; two 76 mCi infusions 14 days apart, with standard of care) reported: - PSA declines in patients with baseline PSA who received full dose: 64% any decline; 27% ≥30% decline; 18% ≥50% decline (interim readout, n=28 evaluable). (telixpharma.com) - Median radiographic progression‑free survival (rPFS): 8.8 months (secondary endpoint; company announcement). (telixpharma.com)
Historical antibody data with the same epitope/parent antibody (177Lu‑J591) - In a phase 1/2 fractionated‑dose study of 177Lu‑J591 (two doses 2 weeks apart), the highest recommended dose (45 mCi/m² ×2; n=17) produced PSA declines in 87.5% (any), 58.8% (≥30%), and 29.4% (≥50%), with median overall survival 42.3 months (95% CI 19.9–64.7). These results established the feasibility and antitumor activity of fractionated anti‑PSMA antibody radioimmunotherapy in mCRPC and underpin TLX591’s regimen. (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Ongoing randomized trial - ProstACT‑GLOBAL (phase 3) is comparing best standard of care with or without two 76 mCi TLX591 infusions 14 days apart; primary endpoint rPFS, key secondary endpoint OS. Trial‑in‑progress abstracts were presented at ASCO GU 2024 and 2025. (ascopubs.org)
Note: As of October 7, 2025, no peer‑reviewed randomized efficacy results for TLX591 have been published. Available TLX591 efficacy data are from trial‑in‑progress abstracts and company disclosures. (ascopubs.org)
TLX591 (ProstACT‑SELECT, phase 1) - Primary objectives of safety, tolerability, dosimetry met with two‑dose regimen; dosimetry showed high tumor uptake/retention and relatively low uptake in salivary glands and kidneys; organ doses within safety limits. Detailed hematologic AE rates have not been fully reported in peer‑reviewed format. (telixpharma.com)
Historical 177Lu‑J591 experience - Myelosuppression is the dose‑limiting toxicity: at 45 mCi/m² ×2, grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 35.3% and thrombocytopenia in 58.8%, generally reversible, with supportive care as needed. These data inform expected class‑specific safety for PSMA‑targeted antibody radioimmunotherapy. (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Sources above include peer‑reviewed articles and conference abstracts where available; company releases are cited only for items not yet in peer‑reviewed venues.
Last updated: Oct 2025
Goal: Evaluate whether adding the PSMA‑targeted radioligand 177Lu‑TLX591 to standard of care improves radiographic progression‑free survival versus standard of care alone in PSMA‑positive metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after progression on an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI).
Patients: Adult men (≥18 years) with histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma, ECOG 0–2, life expectancy ≥6 months, metastatic castration‑resistant disease with castrate testosterone, and documented progression after at least 12 weeks of a first ARPI (abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide, or enzalutamide) given in mCSPC, nmCRPC, or first‑line mCRPC. PSMA‑positive disease by 68Ga‑PSMA‑11 PET per blinded central review is required. Prior docetaxel in mCSPC is permitted if ≥6 months before screening and ≥4 cycles administered. Key exclusions include prior PSMA‑targeted therapy or radioisotopes, chemotherapy for mCRPC, significant uncontrolled comorbidities, large PSMA‑negative visceral/lytic lesions, and brain, liver, or lytic bone metastases ≥1 cm.
Design: Prospective, multinational, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open‑label phase 3 study. A 30‑patient safety/dosimetry lead‑in precedes a 2:1 randomization to experimental therapy plus standard of care versus standard of care alone, with long‑term follow‑up to 5 years.
Treatments: Experimental arm: 177Lu‑TLX591 (rosopatamab tetraxetan) administered as two 76 mCi infusions approximately 14 days apart, combined with investigator’s choice of standard of care: enzalutamide plus prednisone, abiraterone plus corticosteroid, or sequential docetaxel plus prednisone for up to 10 cycles. 177Lu‑TLX591 is a PSMA‑targeted radio‑antibody drug conjugate that delivers beta‑emitting lutetium‑177 via a humanized anti‑PSMA monoclonal antibody (huJ591 derivative), enabling targeted radiation to PSMA‑expressing tumor sites with prolonged tumor retention and predominantly hematologic toxicity. Early‑phase studies of TLX591 and its predecessor 177Lu‑J591 demonstrated feasibility of a fractionated two‑dose schedule, PSA declines in a substantial proportion of patients, and reversible myelosuppression as the main toxicity; no phase 3 efficacy results are yet reported. Control arm: standard of care alone with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or docetaxel per label‑consistent dosing.
Outcomes: Primary endpoint: radiographic progression‑free survival per PCWG3 (incorporating RECIST 1.1 for soft‑tissue) or death. Key secondary endpoints include overall survival, objective response rate per PCWG3/RECIST 1.1 for soft tissue, and time to first symptomatic skeletal event. Assessments are centrally reviewed; secondary endpoints are followed up to 5 years.
Burden on patient: Moderate. Beyond standard mCRPC management with ARPI or docetaxel, patients in the experimental arm undergo two intravenous radioligand infusions approximately two weeks apart, with associated radiation‑safety instructions that may require additional clinic time or short inpatient observation per institutional policy. All participants require baseline and periodic imaging including PSMA PET/CT (for eligibility) and serial CT/MRI and bone assessments for rPFS, as well as routine laboratory monitoring; the experimental arm will likely have more frequent hematology checks due to expected myelosuppression. Travel and visit frequency are greater during the lead‑in and treatment period but taper during long‑term follow‑up. No protocol‑mandated biopsies or intensive pharmacokinetic sampling are described, limiting invasive procedures compared with early‑phase trials.
Last updated: Oct 2025
Inclusion Criteria:
* Be a male, at least 18 years old, with documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate defined by histological / pathological confirmation.
* Be of ECOG Performance Status 0, 1, or 2 and have an estimated life expectancy of ≥6 months from Day 1.
* Have metastatic disease (defined as ≥1 metastatic lesion present on baseline CT, MRI or bone scintigraphy).
* Have castration-resistant PC (defined as disease progressing despite castration by orchiectomy or ongoing use of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone \[LHRH\] analogues) and must have a castrate level of serum/plasma testosterone (\<50 ng/dL or \<1.7 nmol/L) at Screening
* Must have received a minimum of 12 weeks of prior therapy on their first ARPI (abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide or enzalutamide), received in either mCSPC (de novo or recurrent) nmCRPC or first-line mCRPC treatment setting with documented evidence of disease progression while receiving this ARPI. Participants may have received docetaxel in the mCSPC setting following the CHARTERED or STAMPEDE treatment regimens (6 cycles of docetaxel every 3 weeks) provided the last dose of therapy was ≥6 months prior to screening and ≥4 cycles were administered.
* Have a disease that is progressing at study entry, despite a castrate testosterone level (\<50 ng/dL or \<1.7 nmol/L), by the demonstration of at least one of the following:
* Two consecutive rising PSA values assessed sequentially at least one week apart, with the final measurement required to be a minimum of 2.0 ng/mL for study entry. Only the last measurement must meet or exceed 2.0 ng/mL.
* Progressive disease or new lesion(s) in the viscera or lymph nodes as per RECIST1.1 or in bone as per PCWG3. Any ambiguous results are to be confirmed by other imaging modalities (e.g., CT or MRI scan).
* Have disease that is PSMA-positive, as demonstrated by a 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT or PET/MRI scan and confirmed as eligible by the Sponsor's appointed BICR.
Imaging-based eligibility review will be performed in two stages:
1. Presence of metastases for exclusion: Screening CT and MRI will be assessed to exclude participants with brain metastasis with long-axis\>1cm
2. PSMA PET eligibility: Screening 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT or PET/MRI will be assessed along with CT, MRI, and bone scans utilizing tumor to liver ratio (TLR) for PSMA positivity-based exclusion. TLR is defined as the ratio of tumor lesion SUVmax to liver SUVmean derived from a 3 cm 3D spherical region of interest (ROI).
PSMA positivity is defined as : At least 1 lesion with PSMA TLR≥2.
PSMA exclusion critieria: The presence of any of the following will result in the patient being ineligible for this trial:
i) visceral metastatic lesions that are ≥1 cm that have a PSMA TLR\< 1 ii) Lytic bone metastatic lesions with a soft tissue component of at least 1 cm with a TLF \<1.
iii) At least one metastatic lymph node lesion with short axis ≥2.5 cm with a TLF\<1.
* Must have recovered to ≤ Grade 1 from all clinically significant toxicities related to prior therapies (i.e., surgery, local radiotherapy, ARPI, chemotherapy, etc.) with the exception of alopecia. Specific conditions may be discussed with the medical monitor as needed.
* Have adequate organ function at Screening:
Bone marrow:
* Platelets ≥150×109/L.
* Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.5 x 109/L.
* Hemoglobin \>10g/dL (with no red blood cell transfusion in the previous 4 weeks).
Liver function:
* Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5× the upper limit of normal (ULN). For participants with known Gilbert's Syndrome ≤3× ULN is permitted.
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤3× ULN.
Renal function:
* Creatinine clearance ≥45 mL/min determined using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
* Have the capacity to understand the study and be able and willing to comply with all protocol requirements.
* Participants must comply with the radiation protection rules (including hospital admissions and isolation) that are used by the treating institution in order to protect their contacts and the general public, especially if a female partner of the participant is or could be pregnant.
* Must agree to practice adequate precautions to prevent pregnancy in a partner and to avoid potential problems associated with radiation exposure to the unborn child (Recommendations related to contraception and pregnancy testing in clinical trials Version 1.1, \[CTFG (Clinical Trial Facilitation Group), 2020) \].
Exclusion Criteria:
* Is unable to understand or is unwilling to sign a written informed consent document or to follow investigational procedures in the opinion of the Investigator.
* Has PC associated with pathological findings consistent with small cell or any histology other than adenocarcinoma of the prostate. If there are minor (\<20%) elements of neuroendocrine histology, this is acceptable.
* Diagnosed with other malignancies that are expected to alter life expectancy or may interfere with disease assessment. However, participants with a prior history of malignancy that has been adequately treated and who have been disease-free for more than 3 years are eligible, as are participants with adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, and superficial bladder cancer.
* Is at increased risk of hemorrhage or bleeding, or with a recent history (within the last 6 months) of a thromboembolic event (e.g., deep vein thrombosis \[DVT\] / pulmonary embolism \[PE\]) and have been administered long-term anti-coagulant or anti-platelet agents, with the exception of low dose aspirin (75 to 100 mg daily).
* Has received prior treatment with monoclonal antibody (mAb) J591 or HuJ591 or any other PSMA targeted therapy.
* Have received chemotherapy in the mCRPC or non-metastatic prostate cancer (nmCRPC) settings (note: prior docetaxel use in the mCSPC setting with CHAATERED or STAMPEDE regimens is permitted if the last dose of therapy was ≥6 months prior to screening and ≥4 cycles of docetaxel were administered).
* Has known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to the investigational drug or its excipients.
* Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or biological therapy) and/or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of enrolment (excluding ARPI and/or LHRH analogues).
OR if any significant AEs have not resolved to National Cancer Institute (NCI) AE Criteria ≤ 2.
OR are receiving other concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radioligand therapy, or investigational therapy.
* Has received prior treatment with radioisotopes, including but not limited to: 89Strontium, 153Samarium, 186Rhenium, 188Rhenium, 223Radium, or hemi-body irradiation within 6 months prior to enrolment.
* Has received other investigational therapy within 4 weeks of enrolment.
* Has known brain metastases with long-axis ≥1cm, or liver metastases with long-axis ≥1cm, or lytic bone metastases with long-axis ≥1cm.
* Has a history of seizure and/or stroke within the past 6 months. Has clinical or radiologic findings indicative of impending spinal cord compression or experience symptomatic spinal cord compression.
* Has evidence of a serious active or sub-clinical infection or angina pectoris (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] Class III or IV), significantly prolonged QT interval or other serious illness(es) involving the cardiac, respiratory, central nervous system, renal, hepatic or hematological organ systems, that might impair the ability to complete this study or could interfere with determination of causality of any adverse effects experienced in this study, or which require treatment that could interact with study treatment, particularly with enzalutamide.
* Has received treatment with any PARP inhibitors (i.e., Olaparib) or with any platinum based anti-neoplastic drugs.
Sydney, New South Wales, 2747, Australia
[email protected] / +61 2 4734 2156
Status: Recruiting
Sydney, New South Wales, 2143, Australia
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Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500, Australia
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Melbourne, Victoria, 3051, Australia
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Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Grafton, Auckland, 92024, New Zealand
[email protected] / +(64) 0 93074949
Status: Recruiting
Orange, California, 92868, United States
[email protected] / 877-827-8839
Status: Recruiting
Miami, Florida, 33165, United States
[email protected] / 786-791-1799
Status: Recruiting
Glen Burnie, Maryland, 21061, United States
[email protected] / 443-333-1894
Status: Recruiting
Omaha, Nebraska, 68130, United States
[email protected] / 402-697-2229
Status: Recruiting
New York, New York, 10032, United States
[email protected] / 732-235-2466
Status: Recruiting
Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
[email protected] / 216-844-7704
Status: Recruiting
Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States
[email protected] / 503-494-6179
Status: Recruiting
Murray, Utah, 84107, United States
[email protected] / 425-773-5011
Status: Recruiting
Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
[email protected] / 801-585-3453
Status: Recruiting